OVERVIEW

Hypertension is generally defined as blood pressure above 140/90 and is considered severe when it is above 180/120. In some cases, high blood pressure has no symptoms. Left untreated, over time, it can lead to health problems such as heart disease and stroke.

Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and is expressed as two numbers: systolic pressure (the top number) and diastolic pressure (the bottom number).

• Normal Blood Pressure: a reading of less than 130/80.
• Stage 1 Hypertension: a reading of 130-139/80-89.
• Stage 2 Hypertension: a reading of anything over 140/90.

SYMPTOMS

High blood pressure (hypertension) is often called the “silent killer” because it typically has no symptoms. However, if left uncontrolled, it can lead to serious health problems such as heart disease (heart attack), stroke, and kidney disease over time.

Although symptoms are difficult to detect and identify, some people with high blood pressure may experience:

• Headaches.
• Shortness of breath.
• Chest pain.
• Fatigue.

However, these symptoms are not specific to high blood pressure and may be caused by other health conditions. The only way to know if you have hypertension is to have your blood pressure checked regularly.

CAUSES

What causes high blood pressure? High blood pressure usually develops over time. It can happen because of unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as not getting enough regular physical activity. Certain health conditions, such as diabetes and having obesity, can also increase the risk for developing high blood pressure.

TREATMENT

Several classes of medications are prescribed to manage high blood pressure. These include:

• ACE inhibitors.
• ARBs.
• Calcium channel blockers.
• Diuretics.
• Beta-blockers.

Some of the most commonly prescribed medications for hypertension are:

• Amlodipine (Norvasc).
• Lisinopril (Zestril).
• Losartan.
• Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ).
• Metoprolol (Lopressor).
• Enalapril.
• Valsartan.

The specific medication or combination of medications prescribed will depend on your medical history, other medical conditions, and other medications you may be taking. It is important to work closely with a healthcare provider to determine the best treatment plan for your hypertension, making sure to include healthy lifestyle changes to support your medical treatment.